December 20, 2006
I have just come across a digital version of Heidegger's The End of Philosophy and the Task of Thinking (1969), which I read about ten years ago. It made a big impact on me. It was a sign post I followed, as it were. So it is good to come back to the signpost and see where I stood a decade ago.
In this late text Heidegger asks two questions: 'What does it mean that philosophy in the present age has entered its final stage?' and 'What task is reserved for thinking at the end of philosophy?' On the former question Heidegger says that:
The end of philosophy is the place, that place in which the whole of philosophy's history is gathered in its most extreme possibility.End as completion means this gathering...The development of philosophy into the independent sciences which, however, interdependently communicate among themselves ever more markedly, is the legitimate completion of philosophy. Philosophy is ending in the present age. It has found its place in the scientific attitude of socially active humanity. But the fundamental characteristic of this scientific attitude is its cybernetic, that is, technological character. The need to ask about modern technology is presumably dying out to the same extent that technology more definitely characterizes and regulates the appearance of the totality of the world and the position of man in it.
Consequently, theory means now the categories are allowed only a cybernetic function, but denied any ontological meaning, and so the operational and model character of representational-calculative thinking becomes dominant.The end of philosophy proves to be the triumph of the manipulable arrangement of a scientific-technological world and of the social order proper to this world.
Update: 21 December
At the time I'd read this account of the completion of (a positivist/realist) philosophy in terms of a scientific/physicalist philosophy that dominated the Anglo-American academy and accepted that utiltiarianism was a part of a scientific-technological world. But 'completion' puzzled me in the sense of there was no allowance made for a vitalist historical philosophy that was aligned with the health sciences and in opposition to biomedicine.
Secondly what place was there for a philosophy aligned with art--the kind that Nietzsche had developed? Didn't this open up possibilities for philosophy to become another kind of philosophy? It is at this point that we need to look at Heidegger's second question---'What task is reserved for thinking at the end of philosophy?' On this Heidegger says that the mere thought of such a task of thinking sound strange to us:
A thinking that can be neither metaphysics nor science? A task which has concealed itself from philosophy since its very beginning, even in virtue of that beginning, and thus has withdrawn itself continually and increasingly in the times that followed? A task of thinking that ---so it seems --- includes the assertion that philosophy has not been up to the matter of thinking and has thus become a history of mere decline?
Heidegger says that this different kind of thinking is modest in character:
the thinking in question remains unassuming because its task is only of a preparatory, not of a founding character. It is content with awakening a readiness in man for a possibilitywhose contour remains obscure, whose coming remains uncertain. Thinking must first learn what remains reserved and in store for thinking to get involved in. It prepares its own transformation in this learning ..... The preparatory thinking in question does not wish and is not able to predict the future. It only attempts to say something to the present which was already said a long time ago precisely at the beginning of philosophy and for that beginning, but has not been explicitly thought..
What then was said a long time ago at the beginning of philosophy? Was that a different ontology to the physicalist/machinic one of our scientific-technological world? Is it the task of thinking in later modernity to recover/develop this? Heidegger approaches the question of the task of thinking at the end of philosophy by way of a discussion of philosophy's 'return to the things themselves' as articulated by Hegel and Husserl. This will help us to bring the task of thinking to view.
So where does that leave us? Of what help is this discussion to us as we attempt to bring the task of thinking to view? Heidegger says:
They don't help us at all as long as we do not go beyond a mere discussion of the call. Rather, we must ask what remains unthought in the call "to the thing itself".... But what remains unthought in the matter of philosophy as well as in its method?
How then are we to understand or respond to the call?
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Gary, Philosophy, especially the dead end of western left brained philosophy, ends here in this work which has a subtitle: "Told By Means Of A Self-Illuminated Illustration Of The Totality Of Mind".
1. www.mummerybook.org
Altogether this work radically examines EVERY possible philosophical point of view of the entire Great tradition of Humankind---and outshines them all!
Altogether the purpose of this work is to complete shatter the usual "point of view" asana of our normal "sanity" and therby allow the entire being to quite literally see and feel the Radiant Conscious Light that is always already prior to any and every limited point of view. The Conscious Light in which all of this is arising.
This work is now being performed in a Sacred Space designed by the author. A space which is in the shape of a globe. Another feature of the "performance" is the copious use of the authors Divine Image Art ( www.daplastique.com )which are projected on to various screens throughout the entire event.
The images being quite large. Much bigger than the human form.
These extraordinary images are purposed to overwhelm ones usual point of view perspective.