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'An aphorism, properly stamped and molded, has not been "deciphered" when it has simply been read; rather one has then to begin its interpretation, for which is required an art of interpretation.' -- Nietzsche, 'On the Genealogy of Morals'

Encountering Levinas « Previous | |Next »
June 2, 2005

I'm just beginning to wake up to the fact that the concern with the ethical relation in French philosophy is to be found in the work of Levinas.

When I read Vincent Descombes' Contemporary French Philosophy (published in 1979) it made no mention of Levinas. Yet it claimed to give an overview of the French philosophical scene from 1933 to 1978. Much latter I read Derrida's 1964 essay 'Violence and Metaphysics' in Writing and Difference, But I didn't really understand what I had read, other than think that it had something to do with experience.But it was something different to the phenomenological account of experience.

In reading Derrida I was working with Hegel's concept of experience (in The Phenomenology of Spirit); experience in the sense of "undergoing experiences" as an account of what consciousness lives through, and in, history. The dialectical dramas of the shapes of consciousness took place in history and we, the readers of The Phenomenology of Spirit are engaged in appropriating a history already accomplished and philosophically understood by Hegel. What Derrida was doing in 'Violence and Metaphysics', and how this related to Levinas I had no idea. I could not get a handle on Levinas I quickly turned the pages of the essay.

As an aside, I presume that Bataille's Inner Experience (1943) can be read as a rethinking of the implications and consequences of his reception of Kojeve's interpretation of Hegel's Phenomenology of Spirit. A rethinking that is a radicalization of experience of an unhappy life as an open wound. Bataille's concept of experience becomes one of a transgression.

In working with this weblog I had come across fleeting glimpses of Levinas here and there, and I understood that he signified a reversing of the direction of Heidegger's thinking. But I was not sure what the reversal meant other than an ethical focus on the Other. I'm not even sure if the Other is a person, such as a refugee seeking asylum in Australia.

| Posted by Gary Sauer-Thompson at 11:56 PM | | Comments (6)
Comments

Comments

Gary, I confess I haven't read much of Levinas, though his thought seems to run through Blanchot and Derrida (and in slightly different ways, from what I can gather). Where would you recommend I start?

Hi Matt,

I'm in the same position as you. Starting from ground zero.

Maybe we can do it together? At the moment I'm just digging around on the internet. At the moment it is a bit.

I'll dig around and find an "easy" Levinas text. I will use this as my guide.

By the way I love Long Sunday. Excellent.

We'll see if the comments work this time.

Probably the best text to start with Levinas is Totality and Infinity. It's also his most important work. A lot of Derrida directly or indirectly references this work. Derrida, I think, becomes more and more Levinasian as time goes on - especially in his late period. (Say the work in the 80's and 90's) Levinas also responds to Derrida's paper in "God and Philosophy." It's actually very worthwhile paper to read. For a good introduction to Levinas, outside of Totality and Infinity I'd suggest Emmanuel Levinas: Basic Philosophical WRitings edited by Peperzak, Critchley and Bernosconi. It includes "God and Philosophy" along with a lot of other excellent writings spanning his career.

Be aware though that Levinas is also a Rabbi and tends to use a lot of Talmudic and probably Kabbalistic imagery at times.

Levinas' work, particularly beginning with his Clark
from what I can make out Levinas' Totality and Infinity (1969), is a critique of Heidegger and Husserl.

It would appear that Levinas is concerned that Western philosophy has been preoccupied with Being, the totality, at the expense of what is otherwise than Being, what lies outside the totality of Being as transcendent, exterior, infinite, alterior, the Other. Levinas wants to distinguish ethics from ontology.

I can get that kind of transgression or going beyiond. But it all goes hazy on The Other--other than a calling into question of the same.

Gary, sure count me in. I'll have to get my hands on a copy (and tie up some other things) first though.

Matt,
same with me.
The text is Totality and Infinity right?

That text is not going to be easy going, as you can see from this article by Jacques Taminiaux. A hundred pages or so of the first section of Totality and Infinity is given over to defining basic concepts and principles. Ugh.

Levinas' text is marked by a close attention to Heidegger's Being and Times, and the Heideggerian analysis of the structures of the comportment of human beings: to be there in the world, thrown in our own existence and temporally projected toward our end.

That close attention is combined with a critical resistance that highlights two flaws in Heidegger's new ontology:

#the shutting of all windows upon the eternal;

#the fact that the predominance of the ontological is such that the relation to the other is no longer fundamental.

That last point is the one that interests me.